Biography of Ranjeet Singh

 Ranjit Singh 

was born on 13 November 1780 in Maha Singh and Raj Kaur in Gujranwala, Punjab province (modern-day Punjab, Pakistan). Her mother Raj Kaur was the daughter of Sikh Raja Gajpat Singh of Jind. [16] At his birth, he was nicknamed Buddha Singh after his ancestor who became the first to take over Amrit Sanchaar. The child's name was changed to Ranjit (literally, "warrior") by his father Singh ("lion") to commemorate the victory of his army of the Chata king Pir Muhammad. [5] [17]

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Ranjit Singh 

contracted smallpox in infants, which left his left eye blind and the face marked. [5] He was short in stature, had never been to school, and had never learned to read or write anything beyond the Gurmukhi alphabet. [18] However, he was trained at home on horseback riding, musketry and other martial arts. [5]

At the age of 12, his father died. [19] He then inherited his father's Sukerchakia Misl estates and was raised by his mother Raj Kaur, who, along with Lakhpat Rai, also held these positions. [5] The first attempt on his life was made when he was 13 years old, by Hashmat Khan, but Ranjit Singh won and killed the attacker in his place. [20] At the age of 18, her mother died and Lakhpat Rai was assassinated, after which she was assisted by her mother-in-law in her first marriage. [21]

According to the historians of Ranjit Singh's palace and the Europeans who visited him, Ranjit Singh drank heavily, a practice that became evident in the later decades of his life. [22] [23] However, he did not smoke or eat beef, [5] and he required all officials in his court, regardless of religion, to adhere to these restrictions as part of their employment contract. [23]

Wives

Descendants of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh family

In 1789, Ranjit Singh married his first wife Mehtab Kaur, [24] muklawa took place in 1796. [19] He was the only daughter of Gurbaksh Singh Kanhaiya and his wife Sada Kaur, as well as the grandson of Jai Singh Kanhaiya, the founder of Kanhaiya Misl. [5] The wedding was pre-arranged in an effort to reconcile the Sikh wars, when Mehtab Kaur married Ranjit Singh in 1786. However, the marriage failed, and Mehtab Kaur did not condone the fact that his father had been killed in a battle with Ranjit Singh. his father also lived with his mother especially after marriage. The divorce ended when Ranjit Singh married Datar Kaur of Nakai Misl in 1797 and became Ranjit's much-loved wife. [25] Mehtab Kaur had three sons, Ishar Singh born in 1804 and twins Sher Singh and Tara Singh born in 1807. According to historian Jean-Marie Lafont, she was the sole holder of the Maharani title. He died in 1813, after suffering a stroke. [26]

His second marriage was, Datar Kaur (Born of Raj Kaur) the youngest child and the only daughter of Ran Singh Nakai, the third governor of Nakai Misl and his wife Karmo Kaur. They were engaged at an early age by Datar Kaur's older brother, Sardar Bhagwan Singh, who was briefly the Nakai Misl chief, and Ranjit Singh's father Maha Singh. Anand karaj happened in 1792 [27] and muklawa happened in 1797; [28] this wedding was a happy one. Ranjit Singh always treated Raj Kaur with love and respect. [29] Since Raj Kaur was also the name of Ranjit Singh's mother, he was renamed Datar Kaur. In 1801, she gave birth to their son and obvious heir, Kharak Singh. [21] Datar Kaur fathered Ranjit Singh two more sons, Rattan Singh and Fateh Singh. [30] [31] [32] Like his first marriage, his second marriage also brought him a strategic military alliance. [21] He was extremely intelligent and helpful in Kingdom affairs. [33] During a trip to Multan in 1818, he was given a command alongside his son, Kharak Singh. [34] [35] [4] Throughout her life she remained a favorite of Ranjit Singh [36] and no one else respected her more than Datar Kaur, whom they affectionately called Mai Nakain. [37] [38] [39] Although she was his second wife he became his great wife and his great wife. [40] [41] During a hunting trip with Ranjit Singh, he fell ill and died on June 20, 1838. [42] [43]

Ratan Kaur and Daya Kaur were the wives of Sahib Singh Bhangi of Gujrat (misl north of Lahore, not to be confused with the state of Gujarat). [44] After the death of Sahib Singh, Ranjit Singh took them under his protection in 1811 by marrying them in the chādar andāzī ritual, in which a sheet of cloth was unveiled over each head. Similar to Roop Kaur, Gulab Kaur, Saman Kaur, and Lakshmi Kaur, they took care of Duleep Singh while his mother Jind Kaur was exiled. Ratan Kaur had a son Multana Singh in 1819, and Daya Kaur had two sons Kashmira Singh and Pashaura Singh in 1821. [45]

Jind Kaur, Ranjit Singh's last partner. His father, Manna Singh Aulakh, praised his good qualities in Ranjit Singh, who was concerned about the poor health of his only heir, Kharak Singh. Maharaja married him in 1835 'by sending his arrow and sword to his homeland'. On September 6, 1838 she gave birth to Duleep Singh, who became the last Maharaja of the Sikh Kingdom. [46]

Some of his wives include, Mehtab Devi of Kangara who also calls Guddan or Katochan and Raj Banso, daughters of Raja Sansar Chand of Kangra.

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He also married Rani Har Devi of Atalgarh, Rani Aso Sircar and Rani Jag Deo According to the diary, that Duleep Singh ended at the end of his life, that the women gave Maharaja and four daughters. Drs. Priya Atwal notes that daughters can be adopted. [24] Ranjit Singh was also married to Jind Bani or Jind Kulan, daughter of Muhammad Pathan of Mankera and Gul Bano, daughter of Malik Akhtar of Amritsar.

Ranjit Singh was married many times, to various ceremonies, and had twenty wives. [47] [48] Sir Lepel Griffin, however, provides a list of 16 wives and their pension list. Most of his marriages are performed by chadar andāz. [49] Some scholars note that the information on Ranjit Singh's marriages is unclear, and there is evidence to the contrary